This booklet is divided into two sections. The first section is focused on nitrogen in perennial ryegrass seed crops. Nitrogen is applied to perennial ryegrass in spring to increase ear numbers, canopy size and/or to produce dry matter for livestock production. In effect, all of the above can be classed as promoting growth. In perennial ryegrass seed production, the promotion of shoot growth leads to potential problems later in the season associated with lodging. The second section details a canopy management strategy for autumn sown oilseed rape which includes nitrogen rate, nitrogen timing, seed rate and plant growth regulators.