• Our Research
    • Research Strategy
    • Research Sites
    • Current Research Projects
    • Research Results
    • Research Collaborations
    • Research Resources
    • Seed Industry Research Centre
    Current Research
    Current Research
    Research Results
    Research Results
  • Resources
    • Biosecurity
    • Crop Action
    • Nutrient Management
    • Maize
    • Templates and Calculators
    • Cereals
    • Weeds
    • Pests
    • Seeds
    • Diseases
    • News
    • Environment
    • Soil
    • Schools
    Podcast
    Podcast
    Environment and Compliance
    Environment and Compliance
  • Levies & Returns
    • Arable Crops Levy
    • Maize Levy
    • Cereal Silage Levy
    • Farmer Annual Return Form
    • Wholesaler Annual Return Form
    Levies
    Levies
    Annual Returns
    Annual Returns
  • Events
  • News
  • About Us
    • Governance and growers
    • Business Strategy
    • Our People
    • Careers
    • Growers Leading Change
    • Women in Arable
    • Arable Ys
    • Arable Kids
    • Arable Research Groups (ARGs)
    • New Zealand Grown Grains
    Our People
    Our People
    Growers Leading Change
    Growers Leading Change
  • Ask FAR AI
  • Weather
  • Log In
Ask FAR AI
Weather
Log In
  • Homepage
  • Resources
  • Emissions Pricing Process Update

Emissions pricing process update

Drilling 2

He Waka Eke Noa partners are currently working on more detailed information around the potential impacts of three emissions pricing options. HWEN will circulate this information in February, before giving advice to the Government. The Partnership has to consider the trade-offs between the options.

The options being considered are: 

  1.  Farm-level levy
  2.  Processor-level hybrid levy.
  3. NZ Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS)  - the backstop

The 'backstop: Agriculture in the NZ ETS

The Government has legislated that agricultural emissions will enter the NZ ETS if an effective, workable alternative is not put forward by the Partnership.

The key features of the ‘backstop’ are:

  • Emissions are calculated at the meat, milk, and fertiliser processor level, based on the quantity of product received from farms, or in the case of fertiliser, sold to farms.
  • Processors would likely pass on the cost to farms based on the quantity of product processed, or fertiliser bought.
  • Initially 5% of emissions from agriculture would be priced (95% of emissions would be freely allocated to processors). Free allocation is expected to reduce by one percentage point a year.
  • All gases would be treated the same; i.e., methane and nitrous oxide would be priced at the same rate per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).
  • Currently only sequestration (carbon removals from vegetation) eligible for the NZ ETS is recognised.
  • Government intends that any revenue raised through the backstop would be invested back into the agricultural sector to support further emissions reductions. This could include paying for sequestration not eligible for the NZ ETS (e.g., riparian plantings).

Farm level levy

The key features of farm-level levy are:

  • Emissions are calculated at farm level using farm-specific data. The farm then pays a price for its net emissions.
  • A split-gas approach to pricing would be applied, which means that different levy rates would apply to short- (methane) and long-lived (nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide) gases. This approach reflects that methane is not required to reduce to net zero.
  • Rewards eligible on-farm sequestration and can offset some of the cost of the emissions levy.
  • Any revenue raised through the levy would be invested back into the agricultural sector to generate further emissions reductions through research and development, incentives to uptake technology, or actions on-farm that help reduce emissions.

Processor level hybrid levy

The key features of the processor-level hybrid levy are:

  • Emissions are calculated at the meat, milk, and fertiliser processor level, based on the quantity of product received from farms, or in the case of fertiliser, sold to farms.
  • Processors would likely pass on the cost to farms based on the quantity of product processed, or fertiliser bought.
  • A split-gas approach to pricing would be applied, which means that different levy rates would apply to short- and long-lived gases. This approach reflects that methane is not required to reduce to net zero.
  • Farms (individually or in collectives) could choose to enter into an Emissions Management Contract (EMC) to get a payment for reducing emissions and/or for recognising sequestration on-farm.
  • Any revenue raised through the levy would be invested back into the agricultural sector to generate further emissions reductions through research and development, incentives to uptake technology, or to reward actions on-farm that help reduce emissions. One option considered for revenue recycling is an EMC.
  • Farms (individually or in collectives) could choose to enter into an Emissions Management Contract (EMC) to get a payment for reducing emissions and/or for recognising sequestration on-farm.

On-farm sequestration

Both the farm-level levy and processor-level hybrid levy would recognise on-farm sequestration. These would:

  • Recognise some vegetation types not currently eligible for the NZ ETS. It would not recognise NZ ETS-eligible exotic forestry.
  • Recognise vegetation categories that are either permanent (indigenous/native vegetation that will not be harvested) or cyclical (vegetation that is felled and re-established, generally exotic species).
  • Recognise native regenerating/planted forests, riparian planting, shelter belts, perennial cropland, non-NZ ETS eligible woodlots/tree lots, and scattered exotics.
  • Place liabilities on vegetation if it is cleared (permanent categories) or cleared and not replanted (cyclical categories). This only relates to vegetation that is entered into the He Waka Eke Noa system. There are also provisions for when vegetation is removed as a result of adverse events and customary harvest.
  • Use different methods to calculate sequestration depending on the vegetation type.
  • Provide a pathway for other forms of sequestration (e.g., soil carbon, tussock grasslands) to be on-boarded when there is sufficient evidence or measurement techniques.

Related Resources

09 October 2025

Cereals Update 235: Managing SDHIs for prolonged performance in autumn sown wheat

This Arable Update outlines practical strategies for using SDHIs effectively in the field while protecting their long-term efficacy.

Read more
09 October 2025

Cereals update 234: Managing Septoria: Latest results on SDHI performance

This Update outlines the latest results on how Zymoseptoria tritici (Zt), the fungus that causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB), is responding to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI - Group 3) fungicides in New Zealand wheat crops.

Read more
09 October 2025

Cereals update 233: Managing triazoles for prolonged performance in autumn sown wheat

This Arable Update illustrates how alternating and mixing Modes of Actions and active ingredients can help sustain disease control, protect yield, and deliver financial returns.

Read more
09 October 2025

Cereals update 232: Managing Septoria: Latest results on triazole performance

This Update outlines the latest results on how Zymoseptoria tritici (Zt), the fungus that causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB), is responding to triazole fungicides in New Zealand wheat crops.

Read more
09 October 2025

Farm-saved seed royalty system

Farmers who save and replant legally protected cereal varieties can voluntarily declare their usage and pay a breeder royalty. The declaration system applies to all farm saved seed barley, and to farmer saved wheat if the resultant wheat crop does not pass through an end-point royalty collection agent. 

Read more
09 October 2025

Crop Action: Issue 18, 2025

Crop Action keeps you up to date with arable crop development and actions right across New Zealand.

Read more
09 October 2025

Maize update 92: Mechanical weeding in maize

Maize is one of the easiest crops to mechanically weed and levels of weed control comparable to herbicides can be achieved. Find out more about the options available and how they work in this maize update.

Read more
09 October 2025

Maize update 91: Management options for specific weeds in maize

Weed related yield losses ranging from 15% to 56% for silage and 15% to 61% for grain have been observed in New Zealand maize systems. In this maize update find out management strategies for a number of common annual and perennial weeds of maize.

Read more
09 October 2025

How to use the soil nitrogen supply calculator - video

Watch here as FAR's Dirk Wallace takes you through step by step how to use FAR's soil nitrogen supply calculator.

Read more
09 October 2025

How to take soil samples - video

FAR's Senior Environment Researcher Dirk Wallace takes you through the steps to taking your own soil samples and sending them off to the lab.

Read more

Ask FAR AI

Ask FAR is a new way to get information from the FAR website. Just ‘Ask FAR’ a question and you’ll get a quick, accurate response based on FAR research and resources. Ask FAR also provides links to the original documents for more information. It’s quick, easy and reliable. Ask FAR now!

Start Chatting
  • Research
  • Levies and Returns
  • Resources
  • Events
  • News
  • Contact Us
  • Schools
  • About Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of use

©2022 Foundation for Arable Research